Meningitis In Dogs

Meningitis in dogs is very similar to the disease of the same name that affects humans. Although not contagious, its lethality rate is worrying and early diagnosis can save the animal’s life.

The brain is protected by three layers or membranes with a mostly lipid composition. These membranes are known as meninges. When they are affected by an acute inflammation, the disease known as meningitis is characterized.

The meningitis process in dogs is usually painful and causes serious complications in the animal’s nervous system. Therefore, it is important to know the symptoms and know how to recognize this disease early.

What does meningitis in dogs consist of?

As we’ve already mentioned, meningitis is the name for inflammation of the brain’s protective membranes. This inflammatory process is usually the result of a generalized infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Bacterial meningitis is the most common form to affect dogs and humans. It happens when a bacterial infection from any part of the body affects the spinal cord and/or the brain. Viral and fungal meningitis develop and manifest similarly in the body.

The progression of the disease in dogs is most alarming when it leads to the development of secondary inflammation. This is the case of meningoencephalitis and/or meningomyelitis.

Meningomyelitis occurs when inflammation from the meninges expands into the spinal cord. Meningoencephalitis, on the other hand, is the name for inflammation of the meninges and the brain.

Most animals affected by simple meningitis end up developing one or both of the secondary inflammations. The result is severe neurological complications.

In more advanced cases of meningitis in dogs, obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs. This fluid, responsible for nourishing and protecting the brain and spinal cord, must circulate freely between them. Once obstructed, the CSF accumulates, which can lead to seizures and paralysis.

Which dogs can be affected by meningitis?

Meningitis can affect dogs of all ages, breeds and sizes. However, it is not such a frequent disease, as the protection system of the brain and nervous system is usually efficient.

However, older puppies and dogs can be affected more often. Their bodies are more vulnerable, allowing an infection to more easily reach the brain and spinal cord.

Immunocompromised and/or malnourished dogs are also more likely to be injured in general. Their immune systems are unable to fight and eliminate pathogens. This causes more severe symptoms and accelerated general weakness of the organism.

The comparison of cases diagnosed in adult dogs and puppies shows that some breeds are more vulnerable to meningitis. This is the case of the Pug, the Beagle, the Bioadeiro de Berna and the Maltese Terrier.

What are the symptoms of meningitis in dogs?

When meningitis appears, it is usually a sign that an infection has already spread in the animal’s body. The first symptoms of meningitis in dogs may be more general. Some examples are fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, tiredness, depression or lethargy. The more specific symptoms of bacterial, fungal, and viral meningitis are usually similar and progressive. This means that the dog shows a gradual decline in strength and neurological stability.

Frequent signs of meningitis

• Change of movements
• Difficulties in spatial orientation
• Changes in everyday behavior
• Difficulty recognizing or answering commands (including your own name)
• Convulsions

Is there treatment for meningitis in dogs?

Treatment for meningitis in dogs depends on the agent causing the infection. Antibiotics can be used for bacterial meningitis. Fungicidal drugs are recommended for fungal infections.

The main goal of every treatment for meningitis is to eradicate inflammation. And that’s before the brain or spinal cord is affected. It is about avoiding irreversible neurological damage and sequelae to the animal’s health.

Corticoid anti-inflammatory drugs are generally used to enhance the fight against the inflammatory process in the meninges. In more advanced cases, antiepileptics are usually used to prevent seizures.

It is worth remembering that the veterinarian is the only professional prepared to indicate an adequate and efficient treatment for each dog. 

How to prevent meningitis in dogs?

There is no specific method to prevent meningitis in dogs. Maintaining a balanced diet and exercising regularly is essential for healthy development and for keeping the dog’s immune system strong, preventing infections like this.

Respecting the vaccination card and deworming periodically are also essential actions to preserve the well-being of your pet.